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Olive Philp Diary, 1920

OlivePhilp_1920_007.pdf

Revision as of Jul 10, 2024, 6:25:31 PM
created by 10.0.2.100		 Revision as of Mar 12, 2025, 7:31:10 PM
edited by 10.0.2.100
Line 1: Line 1:
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{Weights and measures continued}
+
== WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - Continued. ==
 +
 
 +
<table>
 +
<tr>
 +
  <td>
 +
=== LIQUID MEASURE. ===
 +
 
 +
4 gills...................... = 1 pint
 +
 
 +
2 pints...................... = 1 quart
 +
 
 +
4 quarts..................... = 1 gallon
 +
 
 +
A cubic foot of water weighs almsot 1,000 oz., and contains almost 6 1/4 gallons.
 +
 
 +
=== SURFACE, SQUARE OR LAND MEASURE ===
 +
 
 +
144 square inches.............. = 1 square foot
 +
 
 +
9 square feet.................. = 1 square yard
 +
 
 +
30 1/4 square yards............ = 1 square rod
 +
 
 +
10 square chains............... = 1 acre
 +
 
 +
160 square rods or 4,840 sq.
 +
 
 +
yards.......................... = 1 acre
 +
 
 +
640 acres...................... = 1 square mile
 +
 
 +
=== CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. ===
 +
 
 +
1,728 cubic inches.................. = 1 cubic foot
 +
 
 +
27 cubic feet....................... = 1 cubic yard
 +
 
 +
128 cubic feet...................... = 1 cord
 +
 
 +
=== MEASURES OF TIME.. ===
 +
 
 +
60 seconds.......................... = 1 minute
 +
 
 +
60 minutes.......................... = 1 hour
 +
 
 +
24 hours............................ = 1 day
 +
 
 +
7 days.............................. = 1 week
 +
 
 +
52 weeks............................ = 1 year
 +
 
 +
12 months........................... = 1 year
 +
 
 +
365 days............................ = 1 year
 +
 
 +
366 days............................ = 1 leap-year
 +
 
 +
100 years........................... = 1 century
 +
 
 +
The mean solar year is equal to 365 days, 5 hrs. 48 min. 46 sec., or nearly 365 1/4 days.
 +
 
 +
Every year whose number is divisble by 4 is a leap year, unless the number of the year ends in two ciphers, in which case the number must be divisible by 400. Thus, 2000 and 2400 will be leap years, but 1900 was not a leap year.
 +
 
 +
=== ANGULAR MEASURE. ===
 +
 
 +
60 seconds (")....................... = 1 minute, or 1'
 +
 
 +
60 minutes(')........................ = 1 degree, or 1°
 +
 
 +
90 degrees(°)........................ = 1 right angle
 +
 
 +
=== MISCELLANEOUS. ===
 +
 
 +
12 articles.......................... = 1 dozen
 +
 
 +
12 dozen............................. = 1 gross
 +
 
 +
12 gross............................. = 1 great gross
 +
 
 +
20 single things..................... = 1 score
 +
 
 +
24 sheets of paper................... = 1 quire
 +
 
 +
20 quires............................ = 1 ream
 +
</td>
 +
  <td>
 +
 
 +
=== APOTHECARIES MEASUREFOR FLUIDS. ===
 +
 
 +
60 minims....................... = 1 fluid drachm
 +
 
 +
8 fluid drachms................. = 1 fluid ounce
 +
 
 +
20 fluid ounces................. = 1 pint
 +
 
 +
=== TROY WEIGHT. ===
 +
 
 +
For Gold, Silver and Jewels.
 +
 
 +
24 grains.............. = 1 pennyweight (dwt.)
 +
 
 +
20 dwts................ = 1 ounce
 +
 
 +
480 grains............. = 1 ounce
 +
 
 +
12 ounces.............. = 1 pound
 +
 
 +
5.760 grains........... = 1 pound
 +
 
 +
=== MEASURES OF LENGTH. ===
 +
 
 +
Mile Geographical, Admiralty Knot, or National
 +
 
 +
Mile, 6,080 Feet = 1.15 Mile Statute
 +
 
 +
League.......... = 3 Miles
 +
 
 +
Degree.......... = 60 Geographical, or 69.121 Statute Miles
 +
 
 +
Inch, in........ = 72 Points or 12 Lines
 +
 
 +
Nail, 1/16 yd... = 2 1/4 inches
 +
 
 +
Palm............ = 3 Inches
 +
 
 +
Hand............ = 4 Inches
 +
 
 +
Quarter (or a Spain) = 9 Inches
 +
 
 +
Foot............ = 12 Inches
 +
 
 +
Cubit........... = 18 Inches
 +
 
 +
Yard............ = 36 Inches
 +
 
 +
Pace, Military.. = 2 Feet 6 Inches
 +
 
 +
Fathom.......... = 6 Feet
 +
 
 +
Rod, Pole, or Perch = 5 1/2 Yards
 +
 
 +
Chain (100 Links) = 22 Yards (4 Poles)
 +
 
 +
Link............ = 7.92 Inches
 +
 
 +
Cable's Lenght.. = 100 Fathoms, 600 Feet
 +
 
 +
Furlong......... = 40 Rods, 220 Yards
 +
 
 +
Mile............ = 8 Furlongs, 80 Chains, 320 Rods, 1,760 Yards, 5,280 Feet, 63,360 Inches
 +
 
 +
=== CIRCLES, SPHERES AND CYLINDERS. ===
 +
 
 +
Diameter of a Circle x 3.1416 gives Circumference
 +
 
 +
Diameter Squared x .7854 gives Area of Circle
 +
 
 +
Diameter Squared x 3.1416 gives Surface of Sphere
 +
 
 +
Diameter Cubed x .5236 gvies Volume of Sphere
 +
 
 +
One Degree of Circumference x 57.3 gives Radius
 +
 
 +
Diameter of Cylinder x 3.1416, and product of its length gives the Surface
 +
 
 +
Diameter of Cylinder Squared x .7854, and product by the length, gives Volume
 +
 
 +
A Circular Acre is 235,504 feet, a Circular Rood 117.752 feeets in diameter. The Circumference of the Earth is about 24,855 miles, and the Diameter about 7,900 miles</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<table>
 +
 
 +
== METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. ==
 +
 
 +
The following Table gives the equivalents of the principal units of measurements in the British and Metric Systems.
 +
<table>
 +
<tr>
 +
  <td>
 +
=== MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH. ===
 +
 
 +
1 inch............... = 2.54 centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 foot............... = 30.48 centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 yard............... = 91.44 centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 mile............... = 1.609 kilometres
 +
 
 +
1 centimetre......... = 0.3937 inches
 +
 
 +
1 metre.............. = 39.37 inches
 +
 
 +
1 metre.............. = 1.094 yards
 +
 
 +
1 kilometre.......... = 0.6214 miles
 +
 
 +
1 kilometre.......... = 1000 metres
 +
 
 +
1 metre.............. = 100 centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 centimetres........ = 10 millimetres
 +
 
 +
=== MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE. ===
 +
 
 +
1 sq. inch.......... = 6.4514 sq. centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 sq. foot.......... = 929.01 sq.centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 sq. yard.......... = 8361.3 sq. centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 sq. yard.......... = 0.83613 sq. metres
 +
 
 +
1 sq. centimetre.... = 0.1550 sq. inches
 +
 
 +
1 sq. metre......... = 10.764 sq. feet
 +
 
 +
1 sq. metre......... = 1.196 sq. yards
 +
</td>
 +
  <td>
 +
 
 +
=== MEASUREMENTS OF VOLUME. ===
 +
 
 +
1 cu. inch........ = 16.387 cu. centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 cu. foot........ = 28317 cu. centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 cu. yard........ = 0.7645 cu. metres
 +
 
 +
1 cu. centimetre.. = 0.061 cu. inches
 +
 
 +
1 litre........... = 1000 cu. centimetres
 +
 
 +
1 litre........... = 61.024 cu. inches
 +
 
 +
1 cu. metre....... = 1.308 cu. inches
 +
 
 +
1 imperial gallon. = 10 lbs. water at 62°F.
 +
 
 +
1 imperial gallon. = 277.274 cu. inches
 +
 
 +
1 imperial gallon. = 4.546 litres
 +
 
 +
1 imperial quart.. = 1.136 litres
 +
 
 +
1 U.S. gallon..... = 231 cu. inches
 +
 
 +
1 U.S. gallon..... = 3.784 litres
 +
 
 +
1 litre........... = 1.75598 imperial pints
 +
 
 +
=== MEASUREMENTS OF WEIGHT (MASS). ===
 +
 
 +
1 lb. (7000 grains) = 453.59 grams
 +
 
 +
1 oz............... = 28.3495 grams
 +
 
 +
1 grain............ = 0.0648 grams
 +
 
 +
1 kilogram......... = 2.205 lbs.
 +
 
 +
1 gram............. = 15.432 grains</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<table>

Revision as of Mar 12, 2025, 7:31:10 PM

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES - Continued.

LIQUID MEASURE.

4 gills...................... = 1 pint

2 pints...................... = 1 quart

4 quarts..................... = 1 gallon

A cubic foot of water weighs almsot 1,000 oz., and contains almost 6 1/4 gallons.

SURFACE, SQUARE OR LAND MEASURE

144 square inches.............. = 1 square foot

9 square feet.................. = 1 square yard

30 1/4 square yards............ = 1 square rod

10 square chains............... = 1 acre

160 square rods or 4,840 sq.

yards.......................... = 1 acre

640 acres...................... = 1 square mile

CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE.

1,728 cubic inches.................. = 1 cubic foot

27 cubic feet....................... = 1 cubic yard

128 cubic feet...................... = 1 cord

MEASURES OF TIME..

60 seconds.......................... = 1 minute

60 minutes.......................... = 1 hour

24 hours............................ = 1 day

7 days.............................. = 1 week

52 weeks............................ = 1 year

12 months........................... = 1 year

365 days............................ = 1 year

366 days............................ = 1 leap-year

100 years........................... = 1 century

The mean solar year is equal to 365 days, 5 hrs. 48 min. 46 sec., or nearly 365 1/4 days.

Every year whose number is divisble by 4 is a leap year, unless the number of the year ends in two ciphers, in which case the number must be divisible by 400. Thus, 2000 and 2400 will be leap years, but 1900 was not a leap year.

ANGULAR MEASURE.

60 seconds (")....................... = 1 minute, or 1'

60 minutes(')........................ = 1 degree, or 1°

90 degrees(°)........................ = 1 right angle

MISCELLANEOUS.

12 articles.......................... = 1 dozen

12 dozen............................. = 1 gross

12 gross............................. = 1 great gross

20 single things..................... = 1 score

24 sheets of paper................... = 1 quire

20 quires............................ = 1 ream

APOTHECARIES MEASUREFOR FLUIDS.

60 minims....................... = 1 fluid drachm

8 fluid drachms................. = 1 fluid ounce

20 fluid ounces................. = 1 pint

TROY WEIGHT.

For Gold, Silver and Jewels.

24 grains.............. = 1 pennyweight (dwt.)

20 dwts................ = 1 ounce

480 grains............. = 1 ounce

12 ounces.............. = 1 pound

5.760 grains........... = 1 pound

MEASURES OF LENGTH.

Mile Geographical, Admiralty Knot, or National

Mile, 6,080 Feet = 1.15 Mile Statute

League.......... = 3 Miles

Degree.......... = 60 Geographical, or 69.121 Statute Miles

Inch, in........ = 72 Points or 12 Lines

Nail, 1/16 yd... = 2 1/4 inches

Palm............ = 3 Inches

Hand............ = 4 Inches

Quarter (or a Spain) = 9 Inches

Foot............ = 12 Inches

Cubit........... = 18 Inches

Yard............ = 36 Inches

Pace, Military.. = 2 Feet 6 Inches

Fathom.......... = 6 Feet

Rod, Pole, or Perch = 5 1/2 Yards

Chain (100 Links) = 22 Yards (4 Poles)

Link............ = 7.92 Inches

Cable's Lenght.. = 100 Fathoms, 600 Feet

Furlong......... = 40 Rods, 220 Yards

Mile............ = 8 Furlongs, 80 Chains, 320 Rods, 1,760 Yards, 5,280 Feet, 63,360 Inches

CIRCLES, SPHERES AND CYLINDERS.

Diameter of a Circle x 3.1416 gives Circumference

Diameter Squared x .7854 gives Area of Circle

Diameter Squared x 3.1416 gives Surface of Sphere

Diameter Cubed x .5236 gvies Volume of Sphere

One Degree of Circumference x 57.3 gives Radius

Diameter of Cylinder x 3.1416, and product of its length gives the Surface

Diameter of Cylinder Squared x .7854, and product by the length, gives Volume

A Circular Acre is 235,504 feet, a Circular Rood 117.752 feeets in diameter. The Circumference of the Earth is about 24,855 miles, and the Diameter about 7,900 miles

METRIC WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The following Table gives the equivalents of the principal units of measurements in the British and Metric Systems.

MEASUREMENTS OF LENGTH.

1 inch............... = 2.54 centimetres

1 foot............... = 30.48 centimetres

1 yard............... = 91.44 centimetres

1 mile............... = 1.609 kilometres

1 centimetre......... = 0.3937 inches

1 metre.............. = 39.37 inches

1 metre.............. = 1.094 yards

1 kilometre.......... = 0.6214 miles

1 kilometre.......... = 1000 metres

1 metre.............. = 100 centimetres

1 centimetres........ = 10 millimetres

MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACE.

1 sq. inch.......... = 6.4514 sq. centimetres

1 sq. foot.......... = 929.01 sq.centimetres

1 sq. yard.......... = 8361.3 sq. centimetres

1 sq. yard.......... = 0.83613 sq. metres

1 sq. centimetre.... = 0.1550 sq. inches

1 sq. metre......... = 10.764 sq. feet

1 sq. metre......... = 1.196 sq. yards

MEASUREMENTS OF VOLUME.

1 cu. inch........ = 16.387 cu. centimetres

1 cu. foot........ = 28317 cu. centimetres

1 cu. yard........ = 0.7645 cu. metres

1 cu. centimetre.. = 0.061 cu. inches

1 litre........... = 1000 cu. centimetres

1 litre........... = 61.024 cu. inches

1 cu. metre....... = 1.308 cu. inches

1 imperial gallon. = 10 lbs. water at 62°F.

1 imperial gallon. = 277.274 cu. inches

1 imperial gallon. = 4.546 litres

1 imperial quart.. = 1.136 litres

1 U.S. gallon..... = 231 cu. inches

1 U.S. gallon..... = 3.784 litres

1 litre........... = 1.75598 imperial pints

MEASUREMENTS OF WEIGHT (MASS).

1 lb. (7000 grains) = 453.59 grams

1 oz............... = 28.3495 grams

1 grain............ = 0.0648 grams

1 kilogram......... = 2.205 lbs.

1 gram............. = 15.432 grains
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